US Ambassador to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Michael Murphy, spoke to Voice of America about key political challenges facing the country, emphasizing concerns over attempts to undermine the constitutional order, the importance of the rule of law, and systemic efforts to combat corruption. He also stressed the significance of advancing the Southern Gas Interconnection project and urged political actors to act responsibly to ensure stability and prosperity aligned with European values.

In his remarks, Ambassador Murphy refrained from speculating about government restructuring, emphasizing the pressing need for fundamental reforms to enable Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) to advance its integration into the European Union (EU).

“BiH needs reforms to strengthen democracy and an economic policy that fosters private sector growth. This cannot happen if the government is paralyzed. Politicians must do their jobs, as citizens bear the consequences when they fail to act. The future of this country is at risk if political actors don't fulfil their responsibilities. No party should use blockades for narrow political interests. Leaders must think of the country as a whole and focus on the work they were elected to do,” Murphy stated.
Corruption: A major obstacle

When asked about recent corruption-related developments, including the indictment of former intelligence agency director Osman Mehmedagic, the arrest of Security Minister Nenad Nesic, and pending prosecutions, Murphy acknowledged that corruption remains a significant issue at all levels of governance in BiH.

“Corruption is a major threat to BiH’s future, democracy, and economic prosperity. No reputable foreign investor will put money into a country where corrupt politicians are likely to steal from them. While BiH has anti-corruption laws, they are often diluted by politicians looking to exploit loopholes. Passing laws isn’t enough; they must be implemented, and law enforcement institutions need to function effectively. Judges and prosecutors are crucial, and we are working to strengthen these institutions through training and capacity-building initiatives,” Murphy explained.

He highlighted the importance of meeting international standards when adopting anti-corruption or rule-of-law legislation, warning against weakening these measures during the legislative process. He also pointed to the imposition of US sanctions as a swift response to anti-Dayton, corrupt, or destabilizing actions in BiH.

Sanctions and accountability

Murphy referenced recent US sanctions against BiH Foreign Trade and Economic Relations Minister Stasa Kosarac and individuals linked to Republika Srpska entity President Milorad Dodik. When asked about potential future sanctions, he declined to speculate but reaffirmed the US commitment to using all available tools, including sanctions, to counter anti-Dayton behaviour and corruption.

“We have made it clear that we will respond when our interests are attacked or threatened. Over the past three years, we have imposed sanctions in cases of territorial integrity violations, sovereignty breaches, or challenges to BiH’s multi-ethnic character. You can expect this approach to continue,” Murphy stated.

Addressing anti-constitutional actions

Ambassador Murphy also addressed the celebration of Republika Srpska’s unconstitutional “RS Day” on January 9. He reminded that the Constitutional Court of BiH has twice ruled the celebration unconstitutional, and entities are obligated to comply with such decisions under the BiH Constitution.

“This is not an opinion; it is a legal fact. Entities must implement the binding decisions of BiH institutions, including those of the Constitutional Court. Failing to do so constitutes a violation of the BiH Criminal Code. The international community has responded with sanctions against individuals involved in supporting or organizing unconstitutional acts like this. Domestic actors must also react. Prosecutors should aggressively investigate and bring charges against those violating the Constitution or refusing to enforce court rulings. This extends beyond ‘RS Day’ to issues such as state property. When evidence exists, individuals must be held accountable in court,” Murphy emphasized.

He expressed the hope that BiH institutions tasked with upholding the rule of law would be more proactive, warning that decisions of the Constitutional Court cannot remain unenforced or disregarded at any level of government.

Commitment to BiH’s European integration

Concluding his remarks, Murphy reiterated the US commitment to supporting BiH’s integration into EU institutions and promoting efficient governance at all levels. He underscored the importance of sustained efforts to uphold the constitutional order and secure a stable, prosperous future for the country and its citizens.