Ageing workforce and emigration of health professionals key challenges in BiH

The findings reveal significant disparities in health policy and service delivery across the country's decentralized entities and district. Although social health insurance is mandatory nationwide, coverage gaps leave many citizens without adequate access to publicly funded care. Out-of-pocket payments make up 31% of total health expenditures, raising concerns about financial sustainability and accessibility.

The report also identifies critical challenges, such as an ageing health workforce and the emigration of healthcare professionals, which remain unaddressed at a strategic level.

WHO Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Erwin Cooreman, noted that while mortality rates have improved over time, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in excess deaths. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death and disability, with cancer contributing to premature mortality. Risk factors like smoking, poor diets, and hypertension continue to strain public health systems.

Drawing from the pandemic’s lessons, the report emphasizes innovative practices and strategies to strengthen resilience. WHO Regional Director for Europe, Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, highlighted trends across countries, including improvements in life expectancy and reductions in maternal and infant mortality, while noting persistent challenges like an ageing workforce and reliance on out-of-pocket payments.

The report provides practical insights and data to guide policymakers, health professionals, and stakeholders in addressing Bosnia and Herzegovina’s unique health challenges and fostering a more equitable and robust healthcare system.